Origin of Rice Essay Example for Free

Origin of Rice Essay A major component of plants that are starchy in nature, the amyloplast are organelles that store starch. They are classified as plastids, and are also known as starch grains. They are responsible for the conversion of starch into sugar, that gives the starchy plants and tubers energy. Function: Synthesis and storage of starch granules Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane The cell membrane is a thin layer made up of proteins, lipids, and fats. It forms a protective wall around the organelles contained within the cell. It is selectively permeable and thus, regulates the transportation of materials needed for the survival of the organelles of the cell. Function: Protects the cell from surrounding Cell Wall Unique to plant cells, the cell wall is the fairly rigid, protective wall that resists the strain of physical forces. The cell wall is mainly made up of cellulose fiber and it helps maintain the shape of the cell. Function: Maintain cell pressure and prevent over-expansion of cells Centrosome The centrosome is located close to the nucleus and is a small body made up of radiating tubules. It is responsible for producing and organizing the microtubules. In plant cells, the centrosome is a centriole-free organelle. It is also called the Microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). Function: Regulates cell-cycle progression Chloroplast Found only in plants, chloroplasts are organelles that resemble the structure of the mitochondria. It is a plastid that traps energy from sunlight. It contains chlorophyll molecules, that carry on the process of photosynthesis as well as, give the plants a lush green color. Function: Conducts photosynthesis Cytoplasm The cytoplasm forms the gel-like substance that holds the organelles in the cell. It is a colorless substance that is made up of mainly water, salts and organic molecules. It also contains proteins, that make up the cytoskeleton. We can refer to it as, the stage where all the action in the cell takes place, or as the home of all the organelles of the cell. Function: Site of multiple cell processes including, cell metabolism Golgi Body Known as the golgi complex or the golgi apparatus, it is located near the nucleus. It is a stack of membrane-bound structures that, is involved in the transportation of lipids and modification of proteins. It is crucial in segregating and transporting material within the cell. Function: Sorting, processing and modifying proteins Mitochondrion Known to be the power house or the storehouse of energy of the cell, the mitochondria plays an important role in a cell. They are made up of cristae or finger-like structures, which convert the sugar into Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP, that is energy for the cell. It is responsible for regulating membrane potential, programming the death of the cell and regulating cellular metabolism. Function: Energy production and conversion, regulates cell metabolism Nucleus This is a spherical body that contains various organelles like the nucleolus (where ribosomal RNA is produced) and is surrounded by a nuclear membrane. The nucleus is known to be the control room of the cell. It regulates various cell functions by controlling the protein synthesis of the plant cell. The nucleus contains DNA within the chromosomes. It is a membrane-bound structure that contains the cells hereditary information. Function: Controls expression and transcription of the gene Nucleolus Known to be the heart of the cell, the nucleolus transcribes ribosomal RNA. It is composed of proteins and nucleic acid and is known to be a genetically determined element. Function: Produces ribosomes Peroxisomes Membrane-bound packets of oxidative enzymes, the peroxisomes play a vital role in converting fatty acids to sugar. They also assist the chloroplasts in photo-respiration. Their functions include the glyoxylate cycle that occurs in germinating seeds and photo-respiration in leaves. Function: Breakdown of metabolic hydrogen peroxide Ribosomes They are small packets or granules of RNA that convert amino acids into proteins. It serves as a site of protein synthesis and is therefore termed as the workhorses of protein biosynthesis. Function: Protein builders and synthesizers Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum or rough ER, is a vast interconnected membrane system located close to the nucleus. The presence of ribosomes on its surface gives it a rough appearance and hence the name. The RER works in accord with the golgi body to send new proteins to their proper destinations. These networks transport materials through the cell and produce proteins in sacs known as cisternae. Function: Manufactures lysosomal enzymes, translating and folding of new proteins Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Similar to the structure of the rough ER, the smooth ER is a separate interconnected network membrane structure that is free from ribosomes. The SER transports material through the cell. It is also crucial in producing and digesting lipids and proteins. Function: Manufactures and transports lipids Vacuole Vacuoles are essentially sacs filled with water that help maintain the shape of the cell. It stores nutrients and waste products. Its functions include, isolating materials harmful to the cell, maintaining turgor within the cell and exporting unwanted materials away from the cell.

Leadership :: School Leaders, Ethical Behaviors, Administration

â€Å"Real leaders concentrate on doing the right thing, not on doing things right.† According to Lashway (1996) this advice is nothing new to school leaders who face ethical dilemmas on a daily basis. Although administrators face these dilemmas on a daily basis, very few of them are trained or pedagogically equipped to deal with these conflicts. To prove the amplitude of this problem Reilly (2006) states that ethical breeches exist and â€Å"illegal behaviors happen even in the school yard in the presence of children, the can also serve to distract us from the larger matters to which we must attend† (p. 164). This is not a problem that can merely be swept under the carpet. Instead, administrators must take a look at why they do things, and why they make certain decisions. Kocabas and Karakose (2009) cite several leading experts that describe the self-examination that an administrator must make when they are faced with an ethical dilemma: Ethical issues are part of everyday life in schools. They frequently arise from decisions which require value judgments about doing the right thing, or saying the good or best thing in a particular situation. Although doing the right thing seems easy enough most times when an ethically difficult situation arises, it may cause individuals to examine their ethics in practice (p. 126). The situations that administrators face can cause them to take a close look at why they make certain decisions. Examining one’s own decision can greatly aid the decision making process. Administrators must examine their own ethics and make ethical decisions because schools are inherently dedicated to the well-being of the children who attend (Lashway, 2006). The ethical climate of the school is the responsibility of the administrator in charge. The relationships that develop ethically in the school between students, staff, and administrators are directly related to the behavior and decision-making of the administrator (Sagnak, 2010, p. 1136). This leads to the question: What is ethical behavior for an administrator? According to the American Association of School Administrators (2010), there are some behaviors that are required for an administrator to behave ethically. First an administrator must make the educational well-being of the students the fundamental condition of the decision-making process. Also, the administrator must fulfill their professional duties honestly and always act in a responsible manner. Further, the administrator should allow his positive ethical behavior to carry over to his staff.

History of American football Essay

Even though football is an American game its origins came from villages and schools in Europe for many centuries before America was even settled by Europeans. They played in the streets and oddly used a lemon as their ball. Soon many universities started creating their own teams and competing against each other. It took awhile, however, because it was a very rough and violent game so many colleges banned the game. Walter Camp is considered to be the â€Å"Father of American football†. He is widely considered to be the most important figure in the development of the game. When he was young, he excelled in sports like track, baseball, and soccer, and after enrolling at Yale in 1876, he earned varsity honors in every sport the school offered. Camp joined the Massasoit House conventions where rules were debated and changed. He proposed his first rule change at the first meeting he attended in 1878. His idea was for there to be a reduction from fifteen players to eleven. The motion was rejected at that time but later passed in 1880. The effect was to open up the game and emphasize speed over strength. Camp’s most famous change, the establishment of the line of scrimmage and the snap from center to quarterback, was also passed in 1880. Originally, the snap was executed with the foot of the center. Later changes made it possible to snap the ball with the hands, either through the air or by a direct hand-to-hand pass. Camp’s new scrimmage rules revolutionized the game, though not always as intended. Princeton, in particular, used scrimmage play to slow the game, making very slow progress towards the end zone during each down. Rather than increase scoring, which had been Camp’s original intent, the rule was exploited to maintain control of the ball for the entire game, resulting in slow, unexciting contests. At the 1882 rules meeting, Camp proposed that a team be required to advance the ball a minimum of five yards within three downs. These down-and-distance rules, combined with the establishment of the line of scrimmage, transformed the game from a variation of rugby or soccer into the distinct sport of American football Camp was central to several more significant rule changes that make the American football we know today. In 1881, the field was reduced in size to its modern dimensions of 120 by 53? yards. Several times in 1883, Camp changed the scoring rules, finally arriving at four points for a touchdown, two points for kicks after touchdowns, two points for safeties, and five for field goals. In 1887, game time was set at two halves of 45 minutes each. Also in 1887, two paid officials, a referee and an umpire, were required for each game. A year later, the rules were changed to allow tackling below the waist, and in 1889, the officials were given whistles and stopwatches.

Consigliare How to Conjugate the Italian Verb, to Advise