Sexual and Gender Identity Disorder an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorder According to Victoria J. et al (2007), Gender Identity Disorder can simply be defined as a disorder in which someone feels that they are or should be a member of the opposite sex. American Psychiatric Association, (2000) defines Gender Identity Disorder as a strong and persistent cross gender identification accompanied by persistent discomfort with ones assigned sex. It is simply a conflict between what gender one identifies himself or herself with and his or her real gender. An example would be where a certain boy identifies herself as a girl and behaves as such. Need essay sample on "Sexual and Gender Identity Disorder" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This is a subject that has received immense attention from psychiatrists and psychologists with immense literature written on the same. The interest of this paper will be on the description of the illness as well as the research that exists regarding the disorder. It will also focus on the direction of future research. Intensified interest into the Sexual and Gender Identity Disorder began over 20 years ago, since then a couple of diagnostic models have been formulated with each spelling out its particular requirements to be met for an inpidual to be fully diagnosed as suffering from the disorder. These would range from a criteria set by Rosen et al (1977) that requires that there be a clear difference between gender behavior disturbance and cross gender identification for a full diagnosis to be carried out. Stoller (1968) referred to the disorder as a male childhood homosexualism which merely in a man is a fixed belief that he is a member of the opposite sex and will grow up to develop the anatomical characteristics of the opposite sex. This paper will use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder for diagnosis and the general description of the disorder. The American Psychiatric Association has spelt out 4 criteria that have to be met for there to be a full diagnosis of the Sexual and Gender Identity Disorder. The first criterion has it that an inpidual must manifests an acute problem of cross- gender identification. This is where there exists a strong desire to pass of as a member of the opposite sex. It should be noted that this cross gender identification must not merely be a desire for any perceived cultural advantages of being of the other sex, but is the exhibition of a real identity crisis where such an inpidual goes ahead to act , behave and even dress like the member of a sex that he or she believes to be. Such an inpidual also indicates strong desires and states so that he or she would wish to be treated as a member of the opposite sex. (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) Secondly, the inpidual suffering from the disorder must have a marked distress or interpersonal difficulty because of the disturbance (Wanda k, 2005). Such discomfort may be manifested in the inpiduals behaviors where boys for example will attest to being disturbed by the presence of male sexual organs in their bodies believing that these organs will eventually disappear. Such inpiduals go ahead to behave like the members of the opposite sex refusing entirely to be associated with tools that society has transcribed to be for a certain sex, such as toys and clothes. Girls for example may not be willing to conform to their usual urinating position. As an inpidual progresses in age, he or she may have a disturbing preoccupation with altering his or her sex characteristics to suite those of his or her perceived gender. There maybe hormonal injections or surgery to get rid of some characteristics. The third criterion is that the inpidual should not have a concurrent physical intersex condition (e.g. partial androgen insensitivity syndrome or Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia) (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) As aforementioned, in Gender Identity Disorder, both boys and girls exhibit behaviors and also the symptoms manifested in adolescent vary from those of young children. It is important to understand that where children suffering from the disorder may only state their wish to be members of the opposite sex, those in their adolescents may go ahead and behave as such and take the initiative of altering their sexual characteristics. Young children may indulge in fantasies of being members of the opposite sex. For example, boys may secretly wear their mothers or sisters clothes as well as carrying out activities that are culturally accepted to be of the opposite sex. Girls suffering from an identity disorder may spend time playing with balls and boy toys while small boys are preoccupied with playing with girl toys and dolls. Such behaviors according to Victoria et al (2007) may emerge when the person is a child or it may not present itself until the person is adult. Most people suffering from Gender Identity Disorder find it hard to interact and socialize with others and most are victims of ostracization. These boys are referred to as sissies and may undergo intense teasing from their peers. Due to these ostracizations, they are at a higher risk of having depression especially as the society is far from accepting such conditions and the urges towards sex change harbored by such inpiduals. Gender Identity Disorder is still shrouded with controversy especially as most of the people with this disorder do not regard it as a problem fronting the argument that they are simply not conforming to the societys assigned gender roles. It should be noted that there is a clear distinction between Gender Identity Disorder and the inability of an inpidual to conform to the gender roles that are culturally set and accepted. One should not be misdiagnosed as having the disorder unless the full syndrome is present, including marked distress or impairment, as American Psychiatric Association (2000) points out adding that Gender Identity Disorder represents a profound disturbance of the inpiduals sense of identity with regard to maleness and femaleness. There are various treatments to the sexual and gender identity disorder. Sex reassignment surgery that results to an inpidual acquiring desired sexual organs like the vagina and the penis has been described as having a number of side effects as most of the inpiduals that have undergone it complain of inadequate vaginal depth. More than 30% regret having undergone sex re-assignment surgery. (Wanda k, 2005). Other inpiduals resort to hormonal treatment. Psychotherapy is the most lauded of the efforts to treat Gender Identity Disorder. Such therapy assist them to find a workable, comfortable sexual identity. This is in the understanding of the rail road of problems undergone by such inpiduals in a society that views the disorder with stigma lenses. Medical professionals have frowned at conversion therapies believing that such inpiduals should instead be assisted to carry on with the identity they feel comfortable in. The research into the Sexual and Gender Identity Disorder has undergone tremendous transformations over time but still there exists conflicting details on its diagnosis and treatment. Contributions into the subject are varied but it is important to point out that the works of Richard Green in 1987 titled The Sissy Boy Syndrome achieved much prominence. Earlier studies did not make a distinction between inpiduals with Gender Identity Disorder and homosexuals with Richard green believing they were indeed homosexuals. Past research also did not make a clear distinction between transvestism and transexuality lumping it together with homosexuality.It is only in the recent past that these terms have been well defined giving indications that even transsexuals have own sexual orientation and may necessarily not be homosexuals. The current research and interests are focused on the best therauptic treatment of Gender Identity Disorder. Findings and experiences indicate that there are successes in treating children suffering from Gender Identity Disorder but it is exceptionally hard to treat adults. Current research also focuses on the follow up on the said treated children to reveal whether the disorder will recur in the later life especially during the late adolescence (Victoria J. et al, 2007) Gender identity disorder has overtime aroused interest amongst psychologists most of whom feel that it is has been misdiagnosed for long. There exists various models that have been formulated providing varied criteria for its diagnosis. According to the American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV, for a person to be diagnosed with gender identity disorder, he or she must exhibit a strong desire to be identified as a member of the opposite sex. Such an inpidual must also exhibit open distress and disturbance by the presence of sexual organs in the body and wish that they could change their sex. There are various ways to address this disorder but most medical professionals admit it is harder to treat children compared to adults. Future research will center on ways through which therapy could be successfully extended to adults. References American Psychiatric Association, DSM-IV. 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Pub, Inc. Victoria J. Fraser, Laurence Burd, Elizabeth Liebson, Gregg Y. Lipschik, Matthew Peterson, 2007. Diseases and Disorders. Marshall Cavendish Corporation Wanda K. Mohr, 2005. Psychiatric-mental Health Nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Rosen, A. C., Rekers, G. A. 103. Rosen A.C, Revers G.A, Friar L.A., 1977. Theoretical and diagnostic issues in child gender Disturbances. J Sex Res.

Chemistry in Society Its Impact Essays - Veterinary Medicine

Chemistry in Society Its Impact Essays - Veterinary Medicine Chemistry in Society Its Impact FYS 109 Paper #2 Chemistry in Society Its Impact So. We Meat Again Meat is something you often find on the common dinner table, the flesh of animals, something that has contributed to our health, protein and energy. In todays society meat is a top discussion, whether it is healthy for us, or what to modify for it to be healthy for us. Any way you look at it our meat will forever be here on out dinner table and in our diets. The real question is are we hurting ourselves with our high demand for meat production? If you werent already aware within all farming of our soon to be foods, there are commonly used antibiotics that help treat sick and dying animals. Sound pretty helpful right, but what if they were overusing these antibiotics to help the animals gain additional weight and causing harmful effect to us humans. Much controversy is going around about whether antibiotics should be used or if it is even beneficial. Throughout this paper I would like to highlight how our modern chemistry made antibiotics and how they are observed in society. All around the world you can find cases and studies trying to prove that antibiotics are causing a resistance. I came across a story that I thought explained it very well; It was located on a website called Take part, that features original articles by journalist, activists and experts who care about our world. The specific article was by Richard Caniff and about his opinion on the residence antibiotics. Conniff at the time had a 10-month-old daughter, who was trying meat for the first time first time. Ruby (Caniffs daughter) contracted a virulent bacterial strain Salmonella Heidelberg, from the first bite of meat she ever took. She was one of 136 victims in that outbreak and among the 47.8 million cases, including 3,037 deaths, of food-borne illnesses in the United States that year. (Meat Is Murder-but It's People Being Killed). The problem was that this outbreak was an antibiotic-resistant infections, and the chances of ruby surviving were very slim. Thankfully Rubys was lucky and her body accepted the antibiotic prescribed to her. Unfortually cases like Rubys are becoming disturbingly more common. According to the article Meat Is Murder-but It's People Being Killed (and Not How You Think) Infections that resist antibiotic treatment now kill at least 23,000 Americans every year and cost the economy as much as $35 billion annually in added health care and lost productivity. That number alone is one of the main reasons people tend to start to worry about what antibiotic theyre consuming, and the fight to stop it is only just beginning. Starting off with our history of antibiotics, as of today we all use antibiotics on ourselves to cure the common cold, flu or infection, but it wasnt till 1943 when a microbiologist, named Selman Waksman discovered a common antibiotic that could majorly help both animals and humans. He discovered this while testing some mold on a clod of earth extracted from the throat of a sick chicken. When they tested the new drug on both animals and, eventually, humans, it proved effective on many of the same diseases as penicillin, and even more effective on a larger list. (Antibiotics Waksman received the Nobel prize for medicine in 1952. (Antibiotics Thats when Antibiotics were added to the feed of all animals in the herd, no matter their health, just to produce more livestock. All this research was going on during a very important time period between 1939-1940, which is know as the start of World War II. With food and livestock prices skyrocketing, this cheap antibiotics given to the animals helped by increasing their meat production by growing their cattle a lot faster. Over

Literature review on Nurse Prescribing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

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Please write an important and relevant question to the designers and Essay

Please write an important and relevant question to the designers and to the Amazon corporation that reflects what you have learned about the role of architecture in this class - Essay Example This is evident in the use of color and general impracticality in designs. If this is the way postmodernism is all about, already nature has been tampered with. Most of the recent designs use bright features with the aim of attracting people and establishing power. However, this kind of design according to most postmodernists’ thinkers is a misuse and a great show of irresponsibility (Piotrowski 14). In their own view, these buildings have made the world lose its natural feeling. How will the Amazon’s building try to re-establish the lost contact with nature? In conclusion, nature does not offer any strict rules with which architects have to follow in their daily designing attempts. However, due to the urge to satisfy our needs, we always find it difficult to incorporate aesthetics in construction. This does not limit us to the way we use resources. It is all about the form in which our buildings take in relation to nature. Can Amazon do

Enron Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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How To Assess Information And Knowledge

How To Assess Information And Knowledge The main aim of this assignment is to provide Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, on how to assess information and knowledge internally and externally to improve decision making and taking while creating strategies to increase personal networking to widen involvement in the decision-making process. This assignment also helped Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd develop communication process to improve the gathering and dissemination of information and organizational knowledge. Furthermore it assessed the current approach of information management by Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd also highlighted with suggestion and the way the culture effects the communication procedure is recognized and discussed. Acknowledgement This project could have not been written without Mr.Frank Gunasekara. Who encouraged and challenged me through my academic program. He never accepted less than my best efforts. Thank you. I make no claim to be comprehensive since what is collected in this project are materials that I found in articles, Books, Interviews and the internet. A special thanks to the authors mentioned in the bibliography page. I would like to acknowledge and extend my heartfelt gratitude to my family and friends. And specially to Mr.Suranga Liyanarachi [Human Resource Manager] of Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd. Words cannot express what I owe them for there encouragement and whose patient love enabled me to complete this project. And especially to Allah, Who made all things possible. Table of Contents List of Illustrations Organizational Structure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 8 L1 Introduction of Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd. Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd., was founded by a man with a great vision, the late Mr. Anverally. Which was over a 100 years ago, His vision was to establish the finest pure Ceylon teas. After a century passed his vision was made a reality by his successors. Today Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd, exports the finest teas in the world to over 37 countries which includes Europe, Asia, CIS states and the Middle East. And being registered members of the Colombo Tea Traders Association, Ceylon Chamber of Commerce, National Chamber of Commerce, the Export Development Board and the Srilanka Tea Board. Being having a good relationship with a number of plantation companies and estates around the island, Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd has some of the most experienced tea tasters in the business, Vital for the important process of blending that makes Ceylon Tea so famous around the world today. Mission OUR MISSION IS TO CREATE PERFECTION SECOND TO NONE IN EVERY OUNCE OF TEA WE EXPORT [Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd, Website] www.anverally.com/ceylon-black-green.html Organizational Structure Director of Operations and Logistic Director of value added Tea Director of Bulk Tea Director of Finance Senior Executive Human resource manager TEAM General Manager MD/ Chairmen [Figure 1] Organizational structure is the frame work, typically hierarchical, within which Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd. Arranges its lines of authority and communications, and makes sure to allocates there rights and duties. This organizational structure shows the manner and the extent to which power, roles and responsibilities are delegated, coordinated and controlled and how information flows between levels of management. Being having a Horizontal structure [Flat hierarchy] the number of people in layers is less. Anverally and sons being having a wide span of control there are many employees reporting to a superior. But in the narrow span of control only a few employees are reporting to a superior. Being having a wide span of control at Anverally and Sons communication is faster because the message travels faster and shorter distance in the flat structure. There for in this organization communication is more effective and can respond to the changes in the market faster. However in tall structure it takes more time to respond to the changes in the market. Range Of Organizational Decisions Example : At an economic crisis, This is when all the decisions are made by the head-office or the top management. All the decisions making power are help by the top managers and managers at the lower levels do not have power. When important decisions are to be made Anverally and Sons will get the company centralized in all departments and there will be a similar set of rules and regulations. This may lead to greater consistency and when everyone follows the same system there will be more consistency and this will reduce confusion among different departments. It was explained that at Anverally and sons that senior managers are taking all the decisions since they are more matured and experienced and there for the decision will be a good quality decision that will benefit the whole organization. However if junior managers takes the decisions, the decisions may not benefit the organization since they are not experienced. However if Anverally and sons pass down the decision making power to other areas departments or divisions in the business allowing decisions to be taken away from the top management. This reduces the workload for the senior management and there for will make decision making faster. By passing decision making powers to lower levels will speed up the decision making progress and. This will make the organization more flexible and it will be able to react to the changers in the market quickly. And as a result the business will be able to retain its skilled force [work] because everybody will be involved in decision making. Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd being a growing company decision making should be decentralized as there are a lot of operations. Information required at different Levels of organization At Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd, Strategic Level decisions are taken into consideration by only the Chairman and General Manager which includes them to deal with complex issues, It involves high level of risk since the future is very unpredictable and decides on the objectives of the organization. Tactical Level is handled by the Directors/Executives and they are responsible to ensure that resources are obtained and use effectively and efficiently to accomplish the organizations objectives. Directors/Executives in tactical level operations are the Dir. Operations and logistics, Dir. Value added tea, Dir. Bulk Tea, Dir. Finance and Senior Executive Human resource Director . Operational Level is managed by the Managers and their respective teams, Marketing manager:- Should do an analyst about the competitors and identify its break troughs and make advantages decisions for the organizationa and mainly about the the organizations Products, Price, Place and Promotion. Human Resource manager :- Manages the overall sector of human resource services, programs and policies. Some of the major areas an HRM manages can include as Recruiting staff, Organizational Development, Performance management and improvement systems. Shipping department manager and Logistics head are included as well. They ensure that every top level task they have received is carried out effectively and efficiently. And at this level decisions what needs to be taken into consideration like day to day activity decisions are apart of this department. Effective Communication With Stakeholders Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd does pay a great number of attention to their stakeholders, Whose behaviors and attitude will mean a lot for their difference between the success and failure of the companys organizational mandate. Communication with stakeholders is important and critical for the organization, For the communication to be effectively done Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should identify their key stakeholders. Set Communication Objectives Before developing a message campaign, It is important that Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd to clarify the reason and objectives behind the communication. The main objective of the communication is to inform the stakeholders of some pending action or decision, to engage with them or maybe to prevent or overcome some problems. However if the organization is to inform or raise awareness than affecting the perception or its behavior, the approach of communication will be varied. Choosing a Communication format Messages communicated can vary from personal encounters to mass communication. For an Example: If the objective is to change the behavior, two-way communication is required for anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, such as telephone contact or face to face interviews should be used with stakeholders. But if the information which should be one-way informed then it could be used in newspapers, magazine or public service announcements on radio or television could be an appropriate choice for anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd. Getting feedback on Effectiveness The ultimate goal of effective communications with stakeholders is getting the feedback from the respective stakeholders themselves. By having conducted the research with all relevant constituencies in order to know if the desired message have been received and the expected results with the communication effort. Research can be in the form of Telephone or Internet interviews. Communicating with, Customers :- Customers buys the goods and services. And are expecting quality tea which is safe and in reasonable price. Suppliers :- Suppliers supply the raw materials. Suppliers expectations are continuously high volume business, Timely settling their invoices. There for if the supplier is not happy with the business dealings it may lead to stop supplying the materials. The method used to communicate with these stakeholders is by electronic communication. Internal and External Source of Organization Internal Sources of communication means communication within the organization, Information can be of many types, Example of some major internal source: Organizational Information: Internal source of information to gather data about the organization which includes strategic plans, exit surveys, Focus groups. External Sources of information are where the organization gathers information from official and unofficial sources, but who are effected with the business externally. Example : Sending a message to a supplier Anverally and Sons has a strong strategy of Communicating and motivating its employees. The reason for Anverally and sons to manage its decisions is by having a good communication environment, Good communication does encourage team work. Team work will result in new ideas, New ideas lead to innovation. Good decision making will allow faster decision making. When decision making is fast the business organization can react to changes in the market quickly. Methods of communication used by Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd Oral communication : Which is one to one communication Example : Telephone conversations, Meetings, Interviews, Staff appraisal meeting. Scenario : When the tea cartons are ready for shipment and there is no space for storing since the shipment is being delayed then the Distribution manager contacts the Shipping manager directly and solves the immediate problem. Positives out of this method are that the communication will be more clear and effective because there is immediate feedback and body language can be observed. However if the communication consist of many document it is advisable to note them down in writing so that there will be written records of it. Written communication : A written record is available there for it can be referred back later and will have no disputes as there is evidence. Example : Notice, News Letters, Reports, etc.. However this will be time consuming and there will not be any immediate feedback. Electronic communication : This is the main method where Anverally and sons use for decision making. Since of the high speed communication and immediate response can be identified. Its a more cost effective way for and example : Email is cheaper than postal mail. And a large quantity can be downloaded from the internet. The head office situated in Colombo and the factories being placed in rural areas people still can work as a team due to electronic communication. This method can be sent and received at anytime of the day there for it is more flexible.As a factor to be concerned for Anverally and sons is that, If electronic communication is using text, audio and video messages. Then this can be sent through one communication line. However this way of communication can affect the company by hackers and viruses. It could also lead to information overload since with the internet the information available is too high and could result it such. And to get the employees trained to deal with electronic communication the company will have to have as expense such a training cost. Recommendation for Improvement. At Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd it is identified that the organization use to communicate with their employers and employees using the electronic communication method than oral discussions. As noted the company has few errors of communication as to whom to report or inform. Being having a flat structure the organization has a wide span of control but according to the programs the organization conducts the process of communication is wrong since they use reports and flyers about Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd in every program they conduct. Since Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd being an internationally recognized tea export company. It is important to ask, is it enough for Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd to limit their communication to the current amount. According to the conditions Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should start up using the oral method more often so that they could communicate to their employees/employers throught face to face discussions. This method would lead to get more innovative ideas on how to prove the service and increase its potential. Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should start having group meetings among the different level of the company, This would lead Employees and top management to have a better understanding since there is more human interaction, Besides Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd has to clearly state to whom the employees have to inform regarding different issues and problems they face during operations. Being having a Flat structure it is important to practice horizontal communication since it would help make the internal communication better. And lead to all departments to have better understanding and be more productive. L3 Existing process of communication Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd does use the two way communication process, which is upward and downwards communication. Being having the downward communication Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd use to provide information on their current programs and ongoing projects, Since Feedback is also identified the medium used is by daily announcements at the Factory and by having notice boards at every branch and other different media to their employees about the current issues of the business. And having the upward communication process, Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, Use this method to communicate with the higher authority through electronic device regarding the various problems which arises from the tactical and operational level. So this method helps them to talk about the issues and their concerns and how to over come these. However since customers are encouraged to contact Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd through the Internet [E-mail] to obtain more information or to make a complain. Since this method is used in the organization their can be miscommunication within the middle layer management since E-mail can be time consuming to answer complicated questions or their might be many misunderstandings because cultural differences in the explanation or understanding of certain words, There for using oral communication [telephone] may be considered as a better solution for providing detailed answers. Greater integration system of communication Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd being an internationally recognized tea exporter, Needs to have a proper communication system and thats critical for its success. If the employees at Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd are not effectively communicating with their customers, clients and other experts, the business will have to face negative situations. Improving effective communication skills within the work force is a important skill that should be mastered. Few of the points Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should look into to make sure all workers are communicating effectively. Executive Information System [EIS] This is a system planned to make and support the information and decision made by the senior executives at Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, it also provides easy right to use both internal and external information valid to meet its calculated goals of the business. Internal Data Organizations financials Organizations resources External Data Stock market Economic databases New services Under this system executives at Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd will be having a clear moniter of companies performances and will be able to forecast, spot and analyze problem, Identifying opportunities and to track competitors activities. Management information system [MIS] This system provides managers at middle level for organizing, evaluating and to resourcefully run their departments, and it also provides past, present and future predicted information with the help of software, data bases and hardware applications. To improve this system Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should develop a technological usage agreement for its staff which help the business and maintain its staff from being disobedient. Includes agreement issues such as off beam web surfing, prohibits visiting virus sites etc.. And also should maintain a schedule of maintenance, this would manage to update and scan for virus and prevent data loss or system crash. Transaction process system [TPS] This system is designed to practice the day-to-day dealings of Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd since the business has over 600 outsourced employees advancing this system may lead for the labor-intensive business transactions cto be replaced by automated processes. And their for anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd can improve its operation efficiency and decrease its transaction cost. Communication Skills of a good manager As the interview with Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, Human resource executive Mr.Suranga Liyanarachi. It was identified that there were positives and negatives shown as a manager with his communication skills. Clear communication skill :- As a manager it was clear and effective flow of information which was handed over to the interviewer this makes a good skill of clear communication. Assertive communication skill :- With the ability to express his opinion, ideas, requirements and sentiment in a uncomplicated, non-hesitant way, while also being very diplomatic and respectful of the other person. Integrity :- He is a manager with a lot of integrity in other words is a person who says what he thinks and does what he say hell do. As a result Team transparency, creative approach and performance naturally arise from this. Personal Plan to improve communication skills Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd being having spotted a weakness of their communication system will have to over come its situation to satisfy its clients and customers and other related experts. Causes for lack of team work Lack of clearness about decision making Who has authority over what, Methods for making decisions are changing or unclear. Lack of team communication skills Discussions, conversation, listening disagreement decision Fundamental nature of the work is not very understandable so its mutually dependent, and therefore teamwork is not really needed. There for to over come this situation Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should implement these strategies as follows, Define member roles and responsibilities. :- Every member has its role to be done and more over it should not overlap with confusion, If the work load are being distributed equally the smoother the work would flow. Acknowledge and reward team members :- This is to ensure that all team members know how their individual effort has contributed to the companies common goal and will give confidence to all stakeholders to repeatedly share their individual input with the entire team. Importance of team meeting and Group discussion to improve communication Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd being having a competitive business nature will need standard personal interaction more that ever. Although they have once a week meeting with all executive heads and have meetings every three months on strategic planning, By having electronic communication [telephone and online communication] may allow for convenient and speedy way of communication with customers and also may open up a new opportunity for quick sharing of ideas. But setting up a business meeting within the business will create different effects on the business, Benefit : Information distribution A key benefit will be that it provides an opportunity to share information such as financial updates or may help to recognize new employees for more complex issues. An genuine meeting pinpoints a moment in time and place to have in detail discussions with no other distractions or work getting in the way. Disadvantage : Time However Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd can drain out its companies productivity when having its staff to spend more time on meetings, therefore to over come this reason Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd must try to limit the amount of time that the staff spend in meetings. L4 Identify how information can be used as controlling and coordination method for Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd. Word controlling is used as a way of monitoring the companies actions and behavior by using its information. And the word coordination means as how information is prearranged in a way that can be collected for companys action and activities. As noted from the interview, Information helps to assemble the act of the HR division and the finance subdivision, Where HR division helps to grant information to finance subdivision to make monthly financial statement for the staff. Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd control their daily supplies because information helps them to know how much of tea leaves is needed for each day. consequently information from the logistics sector and storage department will let the shipping department how many tons of tea leaves are being exported everyday. So that there will not be any storage or over production overlapping. And in this same situation we can see the coordination of the logistics sector and the storage department because without the information of shipping department the company wont be able to control its production, storage and exporting requirement for each day. Approaches to the collection, formatting, storage, disseminating information and knowledge. Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd collects information for the function to increase its business efficiency and success in order to make desire turnover along with to sustain in future by making different judgment depend on the information they collect. Information collection Export department Products[taj,al-athur] exported to the clients and the quantity of each product sent per day. Website collects the customers information since they register in the companies website when placing an order for a particular product. Information collected are : name, address, phone number and few financial information. News paper and reports collects information about the competitor by annual reports or financial reports, and they also gather information about the current rules and regulations. Formatting information Customer profile Collection of customer information will be analyzed and divided into customer gender, location and personal information as collected. Export department processes the information on the quantity of exports during the day and the profits made by each product, availability of product and to end with calculates the earnings for the day. Storing information Customer profile Customer information Export department would store the information in the system under daily exports. Secondary researched data would be kept in a separate file. Dissemination of information Being having the customers information in the system, once a placement is made by the customer the customer care reports to the factory department and prepare the amount of tea needed and deliver it to the customer. Reports and magazine information will be spread to the respective departments such as competitors marketing strategy would be handed over to the marketing department. How Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd manage its knowledge At the operations of Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, it is identified that there is two types of knowledge being used. Explicit knowledge : Is a record of how each task is to be performed by plan and actions. Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd being having its factory employees outsourced, it was found that employees tend to change there profession within the factory and that simply helped by the explicit knowledge, this is where all guides and instruction on how to operate its machine would be written or documented, therefore the quality of the product will not change although the employee changes. Tactic knowledge : It is found that in Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, Human resource Department that they recruit and train their employees, Since most of them have only explicit knowledge they lack from tactical knowledge there for they team them up and give them projects on real time and real situation handling project and these are supervised by a manager and at the end of the day they discuss with the trainee about the mistakes and how they should improve to handle problems. How IT system could be used as a communication management and controlling tool for Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd. IT system helps Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, as a communication management and a controlling tool because this system helps to solve complex issues. Example : Its isnt easy for the staff to record all its sales into a paper and there is likely chances for making error, IT system will help to reduce its difficulty since it makes less human acceptance in processing information, there for this leads to increase the productivity of the work and saves time for the staff. Improvement of collecting, formatting, storage, disseminating information and knowledge Information collection: While having a website Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd can have a representative at every country where they manage to export the most so that the customer can gain more customer satisfaction by having a face to face conversation. Competitors information: This can be identified by attending trade shows and by joining industry associations. Formatting information: By implementing a back-up system and a paper backup system since if the IT system fails then there would be information paper as well for quick references. By getting an IT system out sourced would increase its IT potentials since they will be mainly working on IT related area and would be risk free. Dissemination: It is helpful if the information system is grouped for the exact department like if the employees information can be directly directed to the HR department so then it would make it easy for them to take decisions since they are responsible for employees issues. Implementing a strategy to improve access to system of information and knowledge to others as appropriate For a strategy to be implemented, Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should identify its current problem and its future problem, Example : By only one HR department it is hard for them to look into all its employees information and manage them and mean while if there is an order placed by a client then the business should contact the IT department and then collect information and then pass them to the processing department. There for to handle the situation Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should develop a plan to save its business, where it helps to enter a broad area of the information system of the business that will put together key business development so that information will be spread into all departments and make things easy. And after the plan is developed the implementation should help to train the staff on how to use the system and to make sure the system is working efficiently and effectively. Organization Culture effecting on the business It was noted that Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd uses a paternalistic style of communication which is that they believe that employees need direction and it is important that they are supported and cared properly. The company does consult to find out views but the decisions are made by the top level management. Therefore the company would have improved decisions making as many ideas are involved and also it increases its employees productivity. More you do more you get [Culture slogan, Interview HR manager] Conclusion This assignment includes a variety of understandings regarding the communication procedure and IT systems of Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd. It is found that the company uses diverse verity electronic devices to communicate and they use the up-down method of communication throughout the company. However the recommended type of communication system and IT system is to have a more likely to have a positive effect on the company.

Chronicle of a Death Foretold (Gabriel García Márquez) and The House of Bernarda Alba (Frederico García Lorca) :: essays papers

Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez and â€Å"The House of Bernarda Alba†, by Frederico Garcà ­a Lorca People will do and say almost anything to protect their reputations. Their reputations become such a large part of their lives that their thoughts and actions revolve around protecting and maintain them. In Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez and â€Å"The House of Bernarda Alba†, by Frederico Garcà ­a Lorca, the characters focus their lives on building and maintaining good reputations. Bernarda’s life totally revolved around her reputation. The Vicario brothers got so caught up in trying to regain the family’s honor they were even willing to kill a man. Finally, In â€Å"In a Grove†, by Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Tajomaru, Takehiko, and his wife all took credit for Takehiko’s death. They did this to receive some honor and try to better their reputations in a tough situation. Bernarda dedicates her life to insure that her family has a good reputation. She acts like this because she cares so much about what other people think of her. Bernarda is constantly regulating the things that her daughters can and can’t do. After their father’s death Bernarda wants to stick with tradition so she tells her daughters, â€Å"[d]uring our eight years of mourning no wind from the street will enter this house!† She is forcing her daughters to shut out whatever social life they had to stay in Bernarda’s â€Å"prison† for eight years and mourn their father’s death. She forces her daughters to stay in the house because she thinks that if she lets her daughters out people will think that they are not sad about their fathers death and Bernarda doesn’t want to give people a reason to talk about the family. Bernarda is so concerned what the neighbors think about the family that she tries to make sure that none of the familyâ₠¬â„¢s business leaks out of the house, so the neighbors won’t have anything to talk about. During a dispute in her house she says, â€Å"[t]he neighbors must have their ears glued to the walls.† She is terrified that the neighbors may have heard something and now they will have something to gossip about. Bernarda is so concerned about the image of her family that other people see, she even tells her family what to wear. When Bernarda’s daughter Martirio is going to go out into the courtyard, Bernarda says, â€Å"[v]ery well, but don’t take the kerchief off your head.